More Facts about winter

_Elsa_

‘Earth is closest to the Sun in winter - You might be surprised to know that in the northern hemisphere the Earth is closest to the Sun during winter. Around 3 January, the Earth reaches perihelion (peri meaning 'near' and helion meaning 'sun') and the Earth is 3.1 million miles closer to the Sun than at aphelion (around 5 July when the Earth is furthest from the Sun). Earth's distance from the Sun is not what causes the seasons but it does affect the length of them. Around perihelion, the Earth is moving around 1 kilometre per second faster than at aphelion which results in winter being 5 days shorter than summer.

The coldest temperature recorded in winter - The coldest temperature ever recorded during a UK winter was -27.2 °C, which has been recorded 3 times. It was twice recorded in the village of Braemar, on 11 February 1895 and again on 10 January 1982, and once in Altnaharra on 30 December 1995. Both sites are in the Scottish Highlands.

The winter of 1963 - The winter of 1963 is one of the coldest on record and the coldest since 1740. Temperatures consistently reached lower than - 20 °C with blizzards, snowdrifts and even the sea freezing around the coast. The severe cold began just before Christmas in 1962 as a high pressure system sat to the northeast of the UK for much of the winter, dragging cold polar winds over the UK. 

On 29 and 30 December, a blizzard struck the UK with snowdrifts up to 6 metres deep. Snow continued to fall frequently and until early March 1963, much of the UK remained covered in snow.

The roots of winter - The word winter comes from the Germanic wintar which in turn is derived from the root wed meaning 'wet' or water', and so signifies a wet season. In Anglo-Saxon cultures, years were counted by the winters, so a person could be said to be '2 winters old.' The first day of winter was also of symbolic importance named Vetrardag and falling comparatively early in the year between 10 and 16 October.

Wet snow vs. dry snow - Ever wondered why sometimes snow sticks together and sometimes it's powdery and loose? The reason for this lies in the snowflake's journey as it falls through the atmosphere. Snowflakes that fall through a dry, cool atmosphere will be small and powdery and won't stick together. We call this dry snow - it's ideal for skiing, but not for building a snowman.’ (Source)

“There is so much that I didn’t know about winter,” Elsa thinks. “I hope that the players who are trying to read this don’t get bored because it’s not my usual type of story. But then again, maybe they are interested in learning about this time of year, especially if they live where the climate never gets cold.”

Let’s continue here - How animals survive during the winter

Start at the beginning – Elsa shares some winter facts