Genetics, now that sounds interesting!

_Elsa_

The twins head on over to their genetics class.

“Good afternoon students, I hope that you all had a good lunch.” Says Mr. James.  “My name is Mr. James and I am going to be your genetics teacher this year.  Do any of you have an idea of what genetics is all about?  If not, let me give you some idea of what we will be learning.” 

‘Humans and all other living things have DNA, which contains hereditary information. The information in your DNA gives your cells instructions for producing proteins. Proteins drive important body functions, like digesting food, building cells, and moving your muscles. Your DNA is the most unique and identifying factor about you—it helps determine what color your eyes are, how tall you are, and how likely you are to have certain health problems. Even so, over 99% of DNA sequences are the same among all people. It is the remaining 1% that explains much of what makes you, you! 

DNA is arranged like two intertwined ropes, in a structure called a double helix (see figure 1). Each strand of DNA is made of four types of molecules, also called bases, attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone. The four bases are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). The bases pair in a specific way across the two strands of the helix: adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.’ (Info here) 

“I see that we have a set of identical twins in our class,” says Mr. James. “This will definitely make it more interesting to learn about the genetic makeup of identical twins.” 

The school bell rings and they gather their belongings. 

“Before you all leave, please read the first two chapters of your textbook tonight and we will discuss it tomorrow in class. If you have any questions, please feel to write them down and I will try my best to answer. Have a good day!” 

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